Tobacco Issues in Public Education Essay - 529 Words

Most teenagers have a better grasp of time then others; while the few can see past the present and see what the future can withhold. â€Å"In 2011, 19% of high school girls and 28% of high school boys used some form of tobacco at least one day in the month before the survey.† (Society) Most juveniles will not get the long term picture; of what the short term effects that transpires on their body. For the respiratory system the short term effects such as, coughing, irritation of the eyes, and throat. One cigarette usually will not kill an individual; but, side effects will occur by using it only once. In reality, the upcoming generation strongly believes that they’re immortal. Growing up and believing nothing is harmful seems to be the static†¦show more content†¦This means no fancy lettering that resembles graffiti or an artistic form of fonts. Then, the regulation should also have different health warnings on every box, everything from minor implications that can occur to more drastic possibilities like cancers and even death. Finally, to burn a fierce mental image there should be a picture of the warning next to the health warning text boxes. These solutions may not affect people whom have been consumed by these products but, will weave our future generation to have no interest in the product. Most kids will experience a tobacco product before walking across the graduation stage from their local high school. With stricter regulations we can eradicate the false hope of fitting in with society through the commercials that project groups of friends whom consume the product and pretend their life is excelling due to the usage of a product. False advertisement should be against the law, so, our youth will not be subjected to distorted information. Our country shouldn’t allow corporations to exaggerate about their products behind the colorful tempting packages. If we were given the right information then, we would be compelled to develop a personal opinion based on the product. Finally, allowing us to process the information these corporations give us and lettingShow MoreRelatedA Tobacco Free School Environment Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesOverview of Policy Tobacco is one of the single most preventable cause of disease and death in the United States. It kills around 6 million people each year, and of that number more than 600,000 deaths are a result of secondhand smoke (World Health Organization, 2016). Even though the rates among youth smoking cigarettes have declined since 2011, more middle schoolers and high schoolers are using tobacco products such as electronic cigarettes, hookahs, and smokeless tobacco. According to the CDCRead MoreFactors That Can Be Addressed As An Addiction Counselor854 Words   |  4 Pagesco-occurring disorders there are two cross-cutting issues that must be addressed as an addiction counselor. The first most important cross-cutting issue to identify is suicidality. It is considered more a behavior that is high risk, than a mental health disorder. Suicidality has shown through research that those who commit suicide have substance abuse or co-occurring disorders which can be diagnosed early. Most common amon g clients is serious depression (U.S. Public Health Service 1999), brought on by substanceRead MoreTobacco s Effects On Our Population828 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals struggle with the effects of tobacco and the ramifications that comes with being a smoker. For decades, tobacco has caused various forms of cancer and health related issues. Since this has become an issue, coalitions and organizations are banding together to control this situation. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009, The Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, Public Health Service Act of 1944 and the FederalRead MoreCommunity Outreach Programs For Adult And Senior Members Of The Community996 Words   |  4 Pagesmost suffering through an integrated, collaborative, and sustainable approach to primary prevention, health promotion and transformational development. Using the logic model outlined within the â€Å"Ten Essential Services Guide lines† to implementing public health programs for community change and improvement we will pursue development of the following outreach programs to address the three previously identified health related deficiencies in Cabell County.5 The initial community educational activitiesRead MoreEl Salvador Case Study1075 Words   |  5 PagesAddresses the issue of addictive tobacco: Implements the use of tobacco replacements: The implementation of nicotine replacements been beneficial to the international community examples of these replacements are the patch, microtabs, gum, lozenge, inhalers, and nasal spray, Through the implementation of replacements for tobacco incentivizes people to have better health by quit smoking, Replaces tobacco and helps individuals help yeild off the substance; To raise the price on tobacco: When regulationsRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned Public Smoking?1263 Words   |  6 PagesOne Ban That Doesn’t Stink: Banning Public Smoking Do people know that cigarettes are responsible for more causalities each year than from HIV, illegitimate drug use, alcohol related incidents, and automobile calamities combined? It is one of the only permissible products that have been long-established to kill when used as intended. Tobacco usage is the main source of avoidable and premature death and disease worldwide according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Medical studiesRead MoreGlobal Tobacco Control, An Analysis1502 Words   |  6 PagesStep One: Gather Information and Identify Preliminary issues As the world’s fifth largest tobacco market, Indonesia has become a well-known smoking nation, where approximately 67% of the male population, aged 15 and over, consume an average of 10 cigarettes a day (Nicter et al., 2010). Meanwhile, secondhand smoking becomes a prevalent issue as the Indonesian government fails to enforce strong anti-smoking legislation and educational movements. Indonesia is the one of the few countries who has notRead MoreTobacco Smoking Is The Largest Single Preventable Cause Of Disease1516 Words   |  7 Pages Overview ‘’ Tobacco smoking is the largest single preventable cause of death and disease in Australia† (Cancer Council, 2006). The 2003 Australian Burden of disease study considers tobacco smoking as a leading cause of disease burden in Australia (Begg S, 2003). Anti-Cancer Council of Australia conducted its first national survey which shows that during the middle of last century, large numbers of males aged 16 and over were smokers and compared to females. However, in the following decades, theRead MoreThe Assessment Of A Health Needs Assessment1612 Words   |  7 Pagesthe methodical technique used to assure that the health service is utilizing its assets to better the health of the population in the most logical way. These assessments use epidemiological, subjective, and provisional procedures to report health issues of a specific population; recognize inconsistencies in well-being and admittance to provisions; and establish primacies for the most successful utilizatio n of assets (Wright, Williams, Wilkinson, 1998). The health needs assessment is not merelyRead MoreWhy You Should Quit Smoking Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagesmaybe even you may already have some issues from smoking or being around those that smoke. Thesis: It is imperative for smokers to quit because it benefits society as a whole as well as themselves. Fighting against the use of tobacco is important because it causes many diseases and is a player in air pollution. Transition: Actions and decisions are made each day around youth can lead them to have a skewed understanding of what is right and wrong and issues should be addressed appropriately.

Essay about A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist...

A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Views on Society There is a division between functionalists and Marxists over the functions of the society. Marxism was founded by Karl Marx. Marx saw society as divided into two major parts, the economic base otherwise known as the infrastructure and the super-structure. Functionalists see society as a set of parts which work together to form a whole. Functionalism is also called a consensus theory. Marxism and functionalism are similar in that they see that the way society is structured as an important part in determining the way people have relationships and behave between themselves. This is known as structural perspective. Both functionalists†¦show more content†¦The Marxist theory in contradiction challenges the general agreement and believes that society is based on conflict. The conflict theory shows that people are encouraged to be competitive. A Functionalist recognises conflict but sees it as minimal and a temporary disturbance yet a Marxist believes that the main source of conflict is social class, they see that upper class people are able to dominate society and societys institutions. A Functionalist believes that the individual is connected to the social system via their norms and values, this is known as value consensus. They believe that social institutions promote value consensus whereas a Marxist believes that social institutions promote ruling class ideology, where your position in society is deserved. A Marxist believes that the infrastructure shapes the rest of the society. They believe that a small privileged class owns the society and that the laws are made in the interest of the wealthy. This contrasts with the functionalist beliefs, they see society as a system and that all parts are inter-related, they see that the laws are made in the interest of everyone within the society. A Marxist believes that there are two classes, the Bourgeoisie who are the ruling class and the Proletariat who are the working class. Marxists say that the lifestyles of the Bourgeoisie have been paidShow MoreRelatedThe Functionalist Explanation of the Role of Education in Modern Society621 Words   |  3 PagesThe Functionalist Explanation of the Role of Education in Modern Society I will discuss the functionalists theories in comparison to those of the Marxist and Interactionists. Functionalists believe that all in society serves a purpose and its a positive function. They also believe that education is a way of achieving in society; it develops people so that it gives them the opportunities in society (workplace). Durkheim believed that in order for children to feelRead MoreA Comparison of the Functionalist View with the Marxist View Essay623 Words   |  3 PagesA Comparison of the Functionalist View with the Marxist View Sociologists may disagree in their interpretation of how society works. Some have focused on what keeps society together; others have focused on what divides society. Over the years the two major paradigms have dominated sociology these are functionalism and the conflict theory better know as Marxism. Both the Marxism view and the functionalist view have their own totally different point of view. HaralambosRead MoreThe Usefulness of the Analogy Between Society and a Biological Organism892 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Analogy Between Society and a Biological Organism One set of sociologist that use the Biological or Organic analogy of societies are the Functionalists. Functionalism first emerged in Europe in the 19th Century. The French sociologist Emile Durkheim was the most influential of all the early functionalists. The theory became the dominant theoretical perspective in the 1940s and 1950. The functionalist theory is that within society there are many smallRead MoreCritically Evaluate the Marxist Perspsctive of the Family925 Words   |  4 PagesCritically evaluate the Marxist perspective of the family According to Marx’s perspective, family is seen as an obstruction to achieve the communist goals, as it is crucial to passing the established order such as cultural ideals on to the next generation. However, Marx was focused on social class rather than the role of family, it was his friend Engels trace the evolution of the family in â€Å"The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State† (1884 , Zurich) In this context, this essay willRead MoreCompare the Functionalist and Marxist Views on Social Stratification1734 Words   |  7 Pagesrewards in society as members of different social groups. Four principles are identified which help explain why social stratification exists. First, social stratification is a characteristic of society and not merely of individuals. Second, social stratification is universal but variable. Third, it persists over generations and fourth, it is supported by patterns of belief. There are different sociological perspectives which have been put forward about social stratification; the Functionalists and theRead MoreCompare the Functionalist and Marxist Views on Social Stratification1740 Words   |  7 Pagesrewards in society as members of different social groups. Four principles are identified which help explain why social stratification exists. First, social stratification is a characteristic of society and not merely of individuals. Second, social stra tification is universal but variable. Third, it persists over generations and fourth, it is supported by patterns of belief. There are different sociological perspectives which have been put forward about social stratification; the Functionalists and theRead MoreGender Inequality According to Functionalist and Marxist Feminist Perspective900 Words   |  4 Pagesgender inequality. The functionalist perspective, by Talcott Parsons, believed that both men and women possess specific qualities that make them excellent at specific events, and these qualities are not interchangeable (Brym, 2014). The Marxist-Feminist perspective; however, viewed qualities for men and women as to being dependent on social conditions rather than being inherited (2014). In order to further illustrate the presence of gender inequality in the present society; the film MissrepresentationRead MoreFunctionalism and Marxism. A Critical Evaluation Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagesdisciplines. These social sciences attempted to explain the rapid and fundamental changes which were shattering traditional ways of life in Britain and Europe. Sociology emerged as one of these innovative areas and sought to analyse the nature of society and the complexities within it using collective theories and perspectives. The construction of a sociological perspective can best be illustrated by the application of several fundamental questions, the responses and explanations of which, produceRead More A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Understanding of the Role of Education in Society1130 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Understanding of the Role of Education in Society Functionalist theories assume the different parts of a society each have their own role to play (their own function), and work together smoothly in order to form a harmonious whole (macro). The metaphor often used to describe functionalism is that it views society as a body, with the different socialisation agents —government, media, religion, the family, etc., and, of courseRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Life Chances Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesTask 1 This essay is based on two main sociological perspectives such as Functionalism and Marxism. It will evaluate the view that differences in the life chances between social groups which are dependent on various social factors affecting the society and individuals. Furthermore, it will compare and contrast these two sociological perspectives. Life chances can have a positive or negative effect on individual’s lifetime in terms of their education, health, employment, income and housing. They

Research In International Business Finance -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Research In International Business Finance? Answer: Introduction: The impact of financial crisis is mainly evaluated in the overall assessment, where in depth problems that was faced by countries and companies during the financial crisis is adequately depicted. In addition,performance of the companies during the financial crisis is evaluated and its impact on developed and developing countries also appraised. The assessment also identifies possible causes for the rise of financial crisis during 2008. identifications eventually help understanding the problems and wrong decision taken by the government. Lastly, adequate measures that was taken by governments all the world are also depicted, which would help in understanding its impact on actual economies. The impact of financial crisis on the economic condition of Australia is also evaluated to understand the problems faced by companies during the crisis. Deliberating the causes, which led to the rise of financial crises: The financial crisis was mainly conducted due to the manipulation delivered by Financial Institutions and banks. There were many causes that led to the rise of financial crisis, as governments was not able to control risk accumulation by banks. Relevant causes depicted as follows, which result then the rise of financial crisis of 2008. Growing demand for subprime mortgages: After the regulations passed by US government regarding the fulfillment of American dream, where loans are provided to individuals for their home. In addition, the redline areas marked by banks were removed by the US government, which allowed them to take bank loans for the home. Additional financial institution such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac was mainly introduced to convert mortgage and loans into mortgage bonds such as CDO and MBS. Many of these Financial Institutions was created to convert mortgage and loan into financial instruments, which could be traded in the secondary market. Due to the believe that mortgage market will never decline or fall (Allayannis et al. 2017). These instruments were handsomely traded all around the secondary market. However, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac used credit ratings to determine price of the bones, which were mainly manipulated and was found after the end of the financial crisis. These financial instruments directly allowed banks to accumulate more capital to continue with their operations and provide home loans to individuals. Boost in interest rates: Relevant boost in interest rates before the financial crisis was an immediate Trigger, which instigated borrowers to default, due to non-availability of funds for repayment. Majority of the borrowers were not financially sound, which resulted in high default rate of borrowers. Hence, it was assumed that borrowers were willing to default rather than pay installment on the loan due to high interest rates. The change in interest rates conducted by FED directly impacted the overall payment amount of the borrowers. During the loan providing us the interest rate laid down by fed was mainly at the levels of 1%, while before the financial crisis it was at 5.25%. This substantially increased finance cost of the borrowers, which was not comprehending with their actual income at the current moment (Amies et al. 2017). This phenomenon raised the level of defaulters in mortgage bonds, which became junk and hampered financial stability of companies holding the financial instrument. Converting mortgages into security funds: Major cause behind the fall of US economy was mainly led by security funds such as MBS and CDOs, which were complicated enough to fool the investors. The security funds formally created from mortgage bonds that was accumulated by banks for different borrowers. banks providing loan services and accumulated mortgages after which these mortgages were converted to financial instruments, where the securitization directly led to the augmentation of the financial crisis. Mortgage backed securities and credit default swaps other two instruments used in the process of converting mortgages into tradable bonds (Armantier et al. 2015). These financial instruments were the main factor in allowing Financial Institutions to create these instruments in secondary market. companies depending on Bon payments used the financial instruments to generate a constant return from the investment. However, incremental default read made the mortgage bonds in to junk bond, which were not traded in the secondary m arket. The cancelation of regulations conducted by US government: There were certain laws implemented by the US government before 2000, which directly controlled was taking capabilities of banks. The termination of regulations such as Glass Steagall Act of 1933 and Commodity Future Modernization Act mainly allowed Financial Institutions require more risk and reduce their cash reserve. Banks after the deregulation mainly accumulated high risk assets to providing loans to anybody who wants a home. This attitude directly increases the chances of default among borrowers, which hampered financial stability of the bank (Benetrix, Lane and Shambaugh 2015). However, the banks were merging the mortgage loans with one another and making them into financial instrument, which was highly traded in the secondary market. These fashion instruments were the main reason behind the fall of mortgage market, which laid the foundation of financial crisis. Noticing whether second occurrence of GFC can be conducted in future: After the 2008 great financial crisis there were minor setbacks or recession that are identified such as 2013 and 2016 recession. There is a major possibility for the occurrence of great financial crisis, as the measures taken by countries to reduce negative impact of financial crisis has back fight. Banks did not utilize the injection of taxpayers money adequately to support their financial requirements. Instant managers and executives of banks roughly stimulated taxpayers money in buying expensive gifts. This mainly prompted cash stagnation within the economy, which could be seen during 2013 recession (Carvalho, Ferreira and Matos 2015). However, the 2016 setback came due to the involvement of Greece who was at the brink of being a defaulter. The country being a default is a major indication of the financial health currently present in world economy. There are certain factors that are evaluated from news which could argument the chance of next financial crisis, authorities did not use adequate measures. Oil prices: Reducing oil prices can be identified as one of the major factors, which could start the second financial crisis, as oil generating countries are not able to improve their financial position. oil is one of the driving factors of an economy, which supports both manufacturing and production processes. This decline in oil prices indicates the overall reduction in demand from customers, which is hindering actual profitability of all generating companies. The oil sector is relatively large, where maximum of the profits generated by countries has immensely reduced (DeYoung et al. 2015). This reduced price is directly affecting oil producing countries ability to support their death payments, which could result in default and might start another financial crisis. Chinese economy: During the previous financial crisis, the Chinese economy was not affected due to its progressive attitude, which enable the country to experience growth in both manufacturing and production system. However, in recent years due to economic and environmental conditions the Chinese economy has slowed down, which is affecting its capital market (Feldkircher 2014). Therefore, it is estimated by and list that the second financial crisis with start from China, due to its declining manufacturing and production process. Rise in Debt by countries: Increment in debt can be seen in majority of the countries, due to the negative impact of financial crisis. Countries to support the expenditure mainly issued by high bearing bonds during the crisis, which they were not able to pay after the end of crisis. This relevant phenomenon can be identified from the actions of Greece which was conducted during 2016. Greece was on a blink of default, as their expenditure rose immensely in comparison to the revenue generated by the nation (Goh et al. 2015). This this could indicate that countries are acquiring more debt to support their expenditure, which is raising the amount of repayment that needs to be conducted. USA is one of the high debt accumulated country, any chance of decline in payments could start another financial crisis. Portraying the impact of GFC on Australia and other countries: The augmentation of financial crisis mainly reduced ability of major countries in supporting their expenditure. During the financial crisis overall economy of US trembled, which forced the institutional investors to abandon the capital market. The mass selling conducted during the financial crisis mainly hampered both Australian as well as other countries. Furthermore, the impact of financial crisis was not restricted to developed countries it also reached developing countries all around the world. Impact of the financial crisis on different economic stated as follows. Impact of financial crisis on developing countries: The developing countries mainly faced problems regarding mass selling that was conducted doing the financial crisis by foreign direct Investments. Developing countries capital market is mainly focused on the investments conducted by foreign investors. However, during the financial crisis foreign investors mainly sold all the shares in developing countries, which started off selling movement in the capital market. Thus, foreign investors mainly conducted selling to support their actual financial requirements during the crisis, as cash stagnation was present within the economy (Haas and Lelyveld 2014). This directly led to the fall of capital market in developing countries hampered growth and increased unemployment. Impact of financial crisis on developed countries: The global financial crisis also had in fact of developed countries, as their financial sector was interlinked due to the presence of free trade. Countries such as USA and UK frequently conducted financial agreements and trades on instruments such as CDOs and MBS. This relevant increment in financial crisis directly resulted in default which made these financial instruments junk. this directly affected the financial sector of developed countries who are dependent on the return that would be provided from mortgage bonds (Helleiner 2014). This directly led to the augmentation of cash stagnation within the financial sector hampered growth of developed countries. The panic during the financial crisis was enough to Trigger selling sphere in the market. Impact of financial crises on Australia: The financial crisis also impacted operational capability of Australia, which directly hampered its economy and decline in growth during the fiscal year. Mass selling and panic investors was the main face of financial crisis in Australia, which declined value of the capital market. the financial crisis had a negative impact on company is present in Australia, who were not able to support growth, due to cash stagnation in the economy. The Australian economy was drastically hit by the financial crisis, which increased unemployment rate and closed medium organizations (Kuppuswamy and Villalonga 2015). The financial crisis directly reduced ability of organizations to support their financial requirements, as adequate revenue was not generated. However, small and medium companies mainly felt the overall financial crisis due to the rise in their interest payments, which force them to default or liquidate. Depicting the proposed reforms used in controlling the financial crisis: The financial crisis was mainly dealt by implementing reforms by the government for halting its progress. Government took relevant measures all around the World for reducing the negative impact of financial crisis on their economy. Stimulus packages were mainly proposed by US government which was followed by other government all around the world. This stimulus package mainly held cash injections that was inserted into the marketing, which directly reduced cash stagnation within the economy (Luchtenberg and Vu 2015). Taxpayers money was mainly used in the stimulus package for supporting the banks to increase their cash reserve ratio. The second measure that was taken by the government was restriction on short selling, which was directly conducted to restrict further fall of capital market. This restriction on short selling mainly helped in curbing rapid decline of the capital market, which in turn helped in improving share value of financial sector. The use of credit control and Housing and Economic Recovery Act 2008 was used for reducing the negative impact of financial crisis (Pianeselli and Zaghini 2014). Conclusion: The impact of financial crisis and the reforms that was conducted by governments are depicted in the above assessment. the augmentation of the financial crisis was mainly due to no restrictions implemented on financial sector, which allowed Bank to increase the rate of risk involved in their investment. moreover, interest rates side by side before the financial crisis and during the financial crisis also lead to is augmentation. However,measures such as credit control, restriction on short selling, and housing and economic recovery Act 2008 mainly stop the continuity of financial crisis. nevertheless, there is still chance for another financial crisis in future, due to the current debt accumulation conducted by countries. References Allayannis, G., Allayannis, G., Allayannis, G. and Allayannis, G., 2017. The Financial Crisis of 20072009: The Road to Systemic Risk.Darden Business Publishing Cases, pp.1-16. Amies, B., Munford, L. and Sutton, M., 2017. OP63 The effects of the 20079 financial crisis on mental healthcare in the uk: a longitudinal analysis of non-suicide mental health trends. Armantier, O., Ghysels, E., Sarkar, A. and Shrader, J., 2015. Discount window stigma during the 20072008 financial crisis.Journal of Financial Economics,118(2), pp.317-335. Bntrix, A.S., Lane, P.R. and Shambaugh, J.C., 2015. International currency exposures, valuation effects and the global financial crisis.Journal of International Economics,96, pp.S98-S109. Carvalho, D., Ferreira, M.A. and Matos, P., 2015. Lending relationships and the effect of bank distress: evidence from the 20072009 financial crisis.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,50(6), pp.1165-1197. DeYoung, R., Gron, A., Torna, G. and Winton, A., 2015. Risk overhang and loan portfolio decisions: small business loan supply before and during the financial crisis.The Journal of Finance,70(6), pp.2451-2488. Feldkircher, M., 2014. The determinants of vulnerability to the global financial crisis 2008 to 2009: Credit growth and other sources of risk.Journal of international Money and Finance,43, pp.19-49. Goh, B.W., Li, D., Ng, J. and Yong, K.O., 2015. Market pricing of banks fair value assets reported under SFAS 157 since the 2008 financial crisis.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,34(2), pp.129-145. Haas, R. and Lelyveld, I., 2014. Multinational banks and the global financial crisis: Weathering the perfect storm?.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,46(s1), pp.333-364. Helleiner, E., 2014.The status quo crisis: Global financial governance after the 2008 meltdown. Oxford University Press. Kuppuswamy, V. and Villalonga, B., 2015. Does diversification create value in the presence of external financing constraints? Evidence from the 20072009 financial crisis.Management Science,62(4), pp.905-923. Luchtenberg, K.F. and Vu, Q.V., 2015. The 2008 financial crisis: Stock market contagion and its determinants.Research in International Business and Finance,33, pp.178-203. Pianeselli, D. and Zaghini, A., 2014. The cost of firms debt financing and the global financial crisis.Finance Research Letters,11(2), pp.74-83. Reddy, K.S., Nangia, V.K. and Agrawal, R., 2014. The 20072008 global financial crisis, and cross-border mergers and acquisitions: A 26-nation exploratory study.Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies,6(3), pp.257-281. Vazquez, F. and Federico, P., 2015. Bank funding structures and risk: Evidence from the global financial crisis.Journal of banking finance,61, pp.1-14. Wang, L., 2014. Who moves East Asian stock markets? The role of the 20072009 global financial crisis.Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money,28, pp.182-203.

Tivo 2008 Strategic management

History and growth TiVo Company is an American corporation with a basic duty in the advertising and promotion services for its Tivo marked digital video recorder. TiVo mainly functions in the US and as well in New Zealand, Australia, Mexico, the UK, and Canada among other countries. Barton together with Ramsay established TiVo Inc. in 1997 as Teleworld Corporation. They were experts from digital video organisations.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Tivo 2008: Strategic management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teleworld started the initial free tests of the TiVo tool and provision in 1998. Subsequent to the presentation at Consumer Electronics Show in early 1999, Mike Ramsay declared to the corporation that the initial edition of the TiVo digital recorder could embark in 1999, in spite of an approximated four months of operation left to complete the tool. Teleworld Corporation was changed to TiVo Inc. befor e 2000. TiVo Company had its initial public offering (IPO) in late 1999. The initial TiVo tool digitised and condensed analogue video from all bases. At the beginning of 2000, the TiVo Company joined hands with Thomson who was a producer as well as a newscaster with Sky Broadcasting to convey TiVo services in the United Kingdom. This joint venture brought about PVR10UK, which is a detached receiver that came into the market in late 2000. Before the close of 2000, the very first DirecTV receiver that incorporated TiVo DVR entered into the market, thus bringing about a novel gadget that was named DirecTiVo. This novel gadget hoarded digital signals received straight from DirectTV. Following reduced transactions, TiVo withdrew from the markets in the United Kingdom in early 2003. Formally, their production agreement ended; nevertheless, the withdrawal was more probably owing to the introduction of a DVR invention similar to the TiVo by Sky, which was the sole dispenser of TiVo in the U nited Kingdom. The DVR invention started by Sky was given the name Sky+ and was intensely advertised to their clients. This product by Sky is up to now dominant in the United Kingdom and the market currently has more than 6 million customers. In mid 2004, TiVo filed a case against EchoStar Company for copyright violation. EchoStar Company was producing DVR components. In 2011, the two companies were able to reach a consensus where EchoStar gave TiVo Company a fee for employing its expertise.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In mid 2005, expert media director, Tom Rogers, was taken up as the CEO (Chief Executive Officer) and the chairman of TiVo Company. Tom, who was a member of the board of directors from 2003, succeeded Mike Ramsay (a co-founder of the company). In the course of the headship of Tom, TiVo was in a position to advance from a mere DVR producer into a full in-home televise, cable, as well as wideband media centre and a supporter of the conventional media industries with its novel promotion resolutions and TV capacity services. In 2006, the Tivo Company was the proud winner of an Emmy Award due to exceptional novelty and accomplishment in sophisticated media expertise. In late 2009, TiVo Company re-gained access in the United Kingdom markets through declaration of an association with a cable corporation in the country, Virgin Media. This association turned out to be the special supplier of Top Box software program in addition to consumer interface package for the next cohort TV platform for Virgin Media. In late 2010, there was a publicised affirmation by Virgin Media of the availability of their initial PVR operating TiVo software system, which is obtainable in even over 500GB designs. From 2012, Virgin Media boasts of more than 678,000 customers of TiVo in the United Kingdom markets (Hill and Jones 224). This aspect represents an inc rease of more than 243,000 when judged against the preceding quarter, equivalent to almost 20 per cent of the entire customer base of TVs by Virgin Media. In early 2010, Microsoft registered a case against TiVo Company for copyright violation. Nevertheless, the two corporations agreed to terminate the case in 2012. Internal Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths TiVo Company boasts of an incomparable reputation in addition to powerful brand name identification since even the expression â€Å"Tivoing† is now the applicable expression for DVR recording employed by clients despite the gadget being utilised. The TiVo interface is identified as the most customer-friendly and it encompasses the most developed attributes of the market in the present day. TiVo has established several licensing accords internally as well as externally with different corporations for the application of its expertise as well as services. TiVo has as well exclusive patents on its expertise and has currently managed to win significant legal wars initiated by its competitors (Hill and Jones 224).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Tivo 2008: Strategic management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, TiVo has all it takes to take its services to Asia, the United States, and Europe since the international market is an unexploited one leaving room for new advancement. Since a lot of DVR disk drives are produced in Asia, a lot needs to be done in the quest to decrease transport as well as production costs in the markets in Asia. Additionally, TiVo Company will significantly gain from the acquirement of smaller competitors since it will boost its operations. Weaknesses The products and services of the TiVo Company have proved to be more costly when judged against those of its competitors. The competitors of TiVo Company now supply DVR without any cost for the initial year of subscription, and sometimes at very chea p prices. The clients of TiVo Company are forced to buy a DVR and cater for a subscription charge for every month. The competitors of TiVo Company have a benefit since they can produce a gadget encompassing both the receiver and the coordination with low charges for the clients. This aspect has brought about a reduction of about two million subscriptions for the year 2012 as well as enormous losses in the annual financial statements. Court cases have as well had an impact on the profits of the company and have restricted new licensing accords with corporations that chose to wait for the results of the cases pertaining copyrights to prevent legal jumble. High-speed Internet in conjunction with new expertise has brought about optional grounds for clients to have an access to the media. Upcoming expertise has led to the upshot of new rivals generating additional difficulties in the operations of TiVo Company (Hill and Jones 226). Competitors keep on initiating new gadgets as well as so ftware that greatly affects the sales of TiVo Company as well as its reputation as the leading company internationally. External environment surrounding TiVo The external surroundings of TiVo present different concerns that could have significant influences in the strategic inclination of the company. The external influences to the company are explained below.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political/Legal With respect to the capacity to change the conveyed shows, there exists a lot of unresolved intellectual property. Moreover, there exist outstanding legal matters with the Internet, mostly with YouTube, presenting patented material devoid of the authorisation of the possessor (Hill and Jones 227). Copyright cases are presently proceeding in expertise with regard to copyright implementation and the way corporations are capable of disclosing them. In brief, the political as well as the legal environments around TiVo Company functions are normally in an instable mode and demands persistent checking and scrutinising. Economic The greater section of the globe is at a downturn thereby translating into minimal income to afford a lavishness gadget like a DVR. All the merchandise supplied by TiVo Company are classified as extravagance items since a DVR is not required to utilise or watch a TV, or have access to the materials in the Internet. As revealed, clients have to pay a minimum of 100 US dollars in the initial gadget and continue to pay a standard charge of 20 dollars for every month as the amount for subscription. When acquired via a cable supplier, the client is required to subscribe with about 3 dollars each month in addition to the price for acquiring the DVR. Even if the current economic estimates have affirmed that the economy of the United Kingdom is in a rising inclination, growth will be sluggish to average in the near future. Socio-cultural and Demographic The period of the rising population is approximately 45 years. In addition, this population is less technically knowledgeable when compared to cohorts below it. The largest user demographic of the merchandise of TiVo Company is aged between 25 and 45 years (Hill and Jones 228). TiVo particularly centres on those aged around 35 years when introducing new products and services. From the foundation of TiVo Company in 1999, the targeted population has turned out to be a very advanced exper tise user and has in turn compelled TiVo to raise the profundity and extent of expertise in their services and merchandise. Technological The application as well as comprehension of DVR is extensive all through the US and the United Kingdom. Some other nations are stuck in the introductory stages of the same. Expertise has made even the standard home setting computerised in a bid to imitate the necessary DVR practicality. In addition, the TV buy phase has shortened due to modernisations in expertise, kinds of offers, and quicker reductions in costs. The expertise presented in a separate TV component usually depicts practicality set in a computer (Hill and Jones 228). Porter’s Five Forces Influence of Buyers With the current availability of hardware and software, there has been swapping convenience for buyers. More suppliers of cable services offer the products and services like the ones offered by TiVo and at a better rate. This has generated severe rivalry. This has proved t hat buyers do not just go for high quality when it comes to better rates. Influence of suppliers Forward incorporation by manufacturers currently exists. There exists many suppliers in the marketplaces that are supplying hardware that is similar to the one offered by TiVo. Threats of entrants The ranges of operation of TiVo are two fold. These are namely: hardware and software operations. The enactment of the company on its copyrights has played a key role in keeping off the treats of new entrants with respect to hardware design and expertise. With regard to software, there are low capital demands thus making the threat of new entrant higher when judged against hardware. Nevertheless, TiVo has maintained its strength in the market and has retained a great market share. Threat of Substitutes The market has turned out to be very fragmented with competitors providing products that vary slightly with those of TiVo. Nevertheless, these products are taken to be similar by the buyers since they serve the same purpose. Force of competitive rivalry The saturation in the market has brought about high competition, which in return translates to reduced profits since suppliers demand cost effectiveness. The copyright lawsuits are sluggish and expensive ad has therefore led to creation of partnerships and alliances. Nevertheless, the expression â€Å"TiVo† has turned out to be changeable with DVR and thus the company has managed to retain competitive advantage. SWOT analysis The brand name for TiVo Company is internationally identified for excellence and novelty. Nevertheless, the setting of the industry has noticeably revolutionised in the recent past and the company encounters difficulties as it keeps on loosing clients, money, and market dominance. Fresh expertise has come up offering optional stages for accessing media through the Internet as well as competitors supplying products and services at extremely low prices comparing to the prices offered by TiVo Compan y (Hill and Jones 229-236). The SWOT analysis below underscores the strengths and weaknesses of TiVo Company and shows where to concentrate its precedence to guarantee financial achievement. Strengths Customer service Good brand image Product quality Versatile High client increase rates Joined forces with a lot of large reputable players for fast entry and growth in the United States and United Kingdom Several possible income streams Still capable of drawing fresh capital Weaknesses Financial support Monthly pricing plan Promotion Electronic trade High market development Market research statistics Replay is attracting most legal consideration Subsidised content Opportunities Distinctive attributes Interactivity Overdependence on partners Single suppliers for major product elements Threats DVD recorders imitate) Legal difficulties Legislative plan could limit opportunities Low barricades to entry (expertise is simple to ReplayTV Reputable players in long-established ma rkets are rooted and will execute defensive schemes to defend their market dominance (eroding traditional tactical fragment obstacles) UltimateTV VCR Numerous competitors – a lot of them are heavy weights Corporate-level strategy Currently, the vision of TiVo is â€Å"to be a leading provider of technology and services for advanced television solutions, including digital video recorders and in the future non-DVR set-top boxes and connected televisions.† Its mission is â€Å"to redefine home entertainment by providing consumers with an easy and intuitive way to record, watch, and control television and receive videos, pictures, and movies from cable, broadcast, and broadband sources.† With the varying customer tendencies, this statement is exceedingly constricted. In a bid to increase its information base and assist in changing its corporate-level strategy, TiVo Company should expand its mission and vision statements and increase the degree of skill of its board. The company has started pursuing this strategy by increasing its board members from 6 to 9. Additionally, the company is looking for and choosing board fellows from the software sector to assist in boosting its knowledge profoundly and make improvements. Board members that have prior experience are as well being hunted from hardware providers (such as Motorola) to help with incorporation (Hill and Jones 229). Moreover, it could be useful to hire a board member who has experience in promotion and particularly in the Asia Pacific area with knowledge in international growth into the upcoming markets. With TiVo Inc. starting the execution practice, the meetings of the board members will have to increase with greater frequency (for instance, after a fortnight) to undertake discussions in a bid to remain abreast of the execution progression and scrutinise competition more strongly. Visits being carried out by members of the board to various facilities and meeting workers in person will go a long way in enhancing a sense of worth and assurance all through the change and disruption period. Lastly, to generate a feeling of confidence, the company is seeking to augment its degree of transparency of management judgments and tactical trend. Business-level strategy For single-business companies like Tivo, their â€Å"business-level strategy is identical to corporate- level strategy† (Hill and Jones 216).The poor sales encountered by the company in 1999 became precious lesson to its promotion team. This encounter acted as the medium that generated the necessity for a novel communication approach by the company. Nevertheless, describing this novel promotion campaign was difficult, particularly subsequent to the response obtained concerning the products that illustrated issues like restricted responsiveness and difficult to communicate practicalities. The major objective of the novel promotion campaign is to choose a positioning policy that will quicken the acc eptance of TiVo and its products and services by customers (Hill and Jones 233). The promotion team could position the company as the excellent VCR that offers customers an exceptional television experience. The potential of the company surpasses the initiation of a novel product as it has the capacity to alter the routine of the way the people in the United Kingdom watch TV. As at this point, the company’s penetration has been tremendously restricted. Several customers do not know that it exists, and in this regard, the sales team is facing challenges in explaining the advantages of the products of the company. Furthermore, TiVo represented a fully new novel product that aimed at the enrichment of watching TV that was previously not in anybody’s list of priorities. In a bid to explain the benefits of TiVo’s products, the promotion team has taken into consideration application of dissimilar promotional sources for various reasons. Nevertheless, this move eradica tes the chances of delivering a constant message to every potential customer. In the absence of a constant message, there will be confusion amongst customers concerning what TiVo actually stands for. As TiVo advances, it is critical to enlarge its objectives past TV solutions to becoming the leading supplier of software expertise of optical media. This adjustment will translate into increases in customer consumption of media and assist in reflecting both a bigger market of potential as well as present customers (for instance, the ones who watch media just from computers in addition to other gadgets). In this regard, TiVo will permit for better understanding of TiVo’s increased dealings. For instance, TiVo offers the capacity to download pictures as well as other media into electronics. The present mission statement of TiVo fails to reveal such differentiation and is not extensive enough to include additional novelty. Any tactical aims referring to hardware or improvement ther eof will be erased and replaced with novel software invention (Hill and Jones 234). Finally, a proposed inclusion to the company’s business-level strategy could as well be to forge fresh tactical joint ventures. Tivo’s structure and management and the way they strengthen its strategy The value chain of the company recognises the unique mainstay effectiveness of sales and promotion, novelty, service, civilisation, and intellectual property protection. The critical roles of the value chain whether inward or outward logistics, in addition to roles are adequate. Nevertheless, the Department of Sales and Marketing (DSM) assumes the responsibility to form joint ventures and the effectiveness of the Marketing Department that are critical to TiVo. TiVo possesses a standard structure, by employing Broadcom as the only provider of the structure manager for the company’s DVR. TiVo does not presently have a lasting written provision accord with Broadcom. Additionally, the t wo lack a lasting provision accord with numerous other providers for major constituents in their value chain. In a bid to provide services associated with record administration, order accomplishment, and sales operations, Tivo relies fully on third parties (Hill and Jones 224). The failure to manage operations accurately in the company could bring about unwarranted risks to Tivo. The products of the company that have gained reputation include the original DVR provision with incomparable software, and their powerful image keeps on inspiring assurance in their merchandise. It is vital that promotion service keep on insisting on the company’s reputable icon. The support operations that are essential to TiVo include management, finance, and a powerful legal section that has been critical in defending the intellectual property of TiVo in the court cases. These court cases include the aforementioned one that TiVo had with EchoStar concerning patent infringement. The human resource management (HRM) of TiVo has been powerful in retaining a culture of novelty, upholding a research and development department that keeps on establishing additional attributes and practicality to the initial DVR expertise. A resource-anchored perspective of TiVo discloses concrete resources like sufficient money accounts and copyrights. The worker base of TiVo is strong, having a huge sum of experienced computer package experts as part of the personnel. The intangible assets of the company encompass a reputable brand name connected with recognition for excellence and service (Hill and Jones 234-236). TiVo bears a key organisational ability of a resilient kind, thus rejecting copyright violations while maintaining the support of every business operations. An assessment carried out in the company demonstrated that TiVo lacks a consistent competitive advantage. Nevertheless, with the termination of the court cases, TiVo will gradually attain a competitive advantage. Financial analysis R eturn on total assets (ROA) The ROA calculates the profit obtained on the deployment of assets. For TiVo, the ROA as at October 2006 is as follows: ROA= Net profit Total assets: ROA= $ 201,750 $ 28,244 ROA= 7 Liquidity Ratios The liquidity for TiVo is its capacity to satisfy short-term requirements. An asset is considered liquidity in case it can effortlessly be turned into cash. This case study looks into the current ratio for TiVo. Current ratio calculates the degree to which assets can be swiftly changed into cash to cover the claims of short-term creditors (Hill and Jones 227-232). Current ratio= Current assets Current liabilities: Current ratio= $117,427 $171,185 Current ratio= 1 Recommendations In a bid to retain a competitive advantage, get back market dominance, and expand its client base, TiVo has to establish new international markets, decrease expenditure on lawsuits, and obtain acquisition of smaller companies to boost its operations. TiVo must advance research and devel opment (RD) to maintain its international leadership status in software expertise, and create fresh internal ad external licensing accords for utilisation of its technology. TiVo should as well direct its corporate strategy on mainstay capability of software advancement to boost its technology TiVo should embark on promoting its brand and enlightening customers concerning the benefits of its products and services for additional development. In this regard, the company should hire trained personnel that can communicate in different languages to operate efficiently with organisations and clients across the globe. Responding to the inquiries of the clients using electronic mails and blogs could as well help in satisfying the requirements of customers. A decrease in the payment of the executives of the company is necessary as it could translate into decreased costs for the company’s products and services, which could lead to increased sales and thus motivate the employees in guar anteeing excellence. Works Cited Hill, Charles, and Gareth Jones. Theory of strategic management with cases, Stamford: South-Western Cengage learning, 2009. Print. This case study on Tivo 2008: Strategic management was written and submitted by user Desmond Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.